What Element Is Used To Paint The Skin To Prevent Infection

What are Bacteria?

Bacteria are microscopic, single-cell organisms that live almost everywhere. Bacteria live in every climate and location on earth. Some are airborne while others alive in h2o or soil. Bacteria live on and within plants, animals, and people. The word "bacteria" has a negative connotation, but leaner actually perform many vital functions for organisms and in the surround. For example, plants need bacteria in the soil in society to grow.

The vast majority of bacteria are harmless to people and some strains are even beneficial. In the human alimentary canal, skilful bacteria aid in digestion and produce vitamins. They also assist with immunity, making the body less hospitable to bad bacteria and other harmful pathogens. When considering all the strains of bacteria that be, relatively few are capable of making people sick.

What Is a Bacterial Infection?

A bacterial infection is a proliferation of a harmful strain of bacteria on or inside the body. Bacteria can infect any area of the body. Pneumonia, meningitis, and food poisoning are just a few illnesses that may be acquired by harmful bacteria. Bacteria come up in three basic shapes: rod-shaped (bacilli), spherical (cocci), or helical (spirilla). Leaner may also be classified as gram-positive or gram-negative. Gram-positive leaner have a thick cell wall while gram-negative leaner do non. Gram staining, bacterial civilisation with antibiotic sensitivity decision, and other tests like genetic analysis are used to identify bacterial strains and help determine the appropriate course of treatment.

Bacteria vs. Virus

Bacteria and viruses are dissimilar types of pathogens, organisms that can cause disease. Bacteria are larger than viruses and are capable of reproducing on their ain. Viruses are much smaller than leaner and cannot reproduce on their own. Instead, viruses reproduce by infecting a host and using the host'due south Deoxyribonucleic acid repair and replication systems to brand copies of itself.

The symptoms of a bacterial or viral infection depend on the area of the body that is affected. Sometimes the symptoms of the two tin can be very similar. For case, runny nose, cough, headache, and fatigue can occur with the common cold (virus) and with a sinus infection (bacteria). A md may use the presence of other symptoms (such equally fever or body aches), the length of the illness, and certain lab tests to make up one's mind if an disease is due to a virus, bacteria, or some other pathogen or disease process.

Bacterial Skin Infections

Bacterial skin infections are commonly caused by gram-positive strains of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus or other organisms. Common bacterial pare infections include:

• Cellulitis causes a painful, red infection that is usually warm to the touch on. Cellulitis occurs most often on the legs, but it tin can announced anywhere on the torso.
• Folliculitis is an infection of the hair follicles that causes red, bloated bumps that wait like pimples. Improperly treated pools or hot tubs can harbor bacteria that cause folliculitis.
• Impetigo causes oozing sores, usually in preschool-anile children. The bullous class of impetigo causes large blisters while the not-bullous form has a yellow, crusted advent.
• Boils are deep skin infections that first in pilus follicles. Boils are firm, ruddy, tender bumps that progress until pus accumulates underneath the skin.

Bacterial skin infections are treated with oral or topical antibiotics depending on the strain causing the infection.

Foodborne Bacterial Infections

Bacterial infections are one cause of foodborne illness. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, chills, and abdominal pain are common symptoms of food poisoning. Raw meat, fish, eggs, poultry, and unpasteurized dairy products may harbor harmful bacteria that tin can cause illness. Unsanitary food preparation and handling tin also encourage bacterial growth. Bacteria that cause nutrient poisoning include:

• Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is a diarrheal illness often accompanied past cramps and fever.
• Clostridium botulinum (C. botulinum) is a potentially life-threatening bacterium that produces powerful neurotoxins.
• Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 is a diarrheal (often bloody) illness that may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, fever, and intestinal cramps.
• Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) causes fever, muscle aches, and diarrhea. Pregnant women, elderly individuals, infants, and those with weakened immune systems are about at risk for acquiring this infection.
• Salmonella causes fever, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Symptoms typically final between 4 and vii days.
• Vibrio causes diarrhea when ingested, but it can too cause severe pare infections when information technology comes in contact with an open wound.

Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections

Many sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are acquired by harmful bacteria. Sometimes, these infections aren't associated with whatsoever symptoms just tin can still cause serious harm to the reproductive system. Common STDs caused by bacterial infections include:

• Chlamydia is an infection in men and women caused by an organism called Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydia increases the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women.
• Gonorrhea, too known as "clap" and "the baste," is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Men and women tin can be infected. Gonorrhea also increases the run a risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women.
• Syphilis can affect men and women and is caused by the leaner Treponema pallidum. Untreated, syphilis is potentially very dangerous and tin even be fatal.
• Bacterial vaginosis, which causes an overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria in the vagina (the CDC does not consider this a STD; see second text reference).

Other Bacterial Infections

Harmful bacteria can affect almost any area of the body. Other types of bacterial infections include the following:

• Bacterial meningitis is a severe infection of the meninges, the lining of the encephalon.
• Otitis media is the official proper name for an infection or inflammation of the middle ear. Both bacteria and viruses can cause ear infections, which ordinarily occur in babies and modest children.
• Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection of the bladder, urethra, kidneys, or ureters.
• Respiratory tract infections include sore pharynx, bronchitis, sinusitis, and pneumonia. Bacteria or viruses may be responsible for respiratory tract infections. Tuberculosis is a type of bacterial lower respiratory tract infection.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are medications that fight bacterial infections. They work by disrupting the processes necessary for bacterial cell growth and proliferation. It'south important to have antibiotics exactly as prescribed. Failure to practise and so could make a bacterial infection worse. Antibiotics don't treat viruses, merely they're sometimes prescribed in viral illnesses to help foreclose a "secondary bacterial infection." Secondary infections occur when someone is in a weakened or compromised country due to an existing illness.

Antibiotic Resistance

Overuse and misuse of antibiotics has led to a rise in antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria are no longer sensitive to a medication that should eliminate an infection. Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are potentially very dangerous and increment the risk of death. Nearly 2 1000000 people in the U.S. suffer from antibiotic resistant infections each year and 23,000 die due to the status. The CDC estimates 14,000 deaths solitary are due to Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infections that occur because of antibody suppression of other bacteria permit C. difficile to proliferate. Most deaths due to antibiotic resistant infections occur in hospitalized patients and those who are in nursing homes.

Adept Bacteria and Probiotics

Benign leaner alive in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract and play an of import role in digestion and amnesty. Most people know it's smart to eat yogurt after completing a course of antibiotics to repopulate the GI tract with helpful bacteria that were wiped out from the antibiotics. Some studies have shown probiotics can shorten the duration of infectious diarrhea. They may also reduce the take a chance of developing diarrheal illness due to antibiotic use. Probiotics seem to reduce gas, bloating, and intestinal hurting associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Ongoing research seeks to determine the types and dosages of bacteria that are virtually benign to human wellness.

Sources:

IMAGES PROVIDED Past:

1. Getty Images
2. Bigstock
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   Bigstock
3. Mariana Ruiz Villarreal
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4. Rafael Lopez
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   Fitzpatrick's Colour Atlas & Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology Klaus Wolff, Richard Allen Johnson, Dick Suurmond Copyright 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved.
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5. iStock
6. IStock
7. Medscape
   B. Welleschik
   MedicineNet
8. Bigstock
9. CDC
10. iStock
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REFERENCES:

• Action Bioscience: "Leaner - More Than Pathogens."
• Alberts, B., et al: "Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th Edition. 2002."
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• Centers for Illness Control and Prevention: "Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance."
• Centers for Illness Control and Prevention: "Bacterial Meningitis."
• Centers for Disease Command and Prevention: "Bacterial Vaginosis – CDC Fact Sheet."
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• Centers for Affliction Control and Prevention:"Get Smart - Know When Antibiotics Work
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• Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology: "The Normal Bacterial Flora of Humans."
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• WebMD: "Is It a Cold or a Sinus Infection?"

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